Which part of the brain is known for higher cognitive functions such as thought and action?

The cerebral cortex is indeed the part of the brain that is crucial for higher cognitive functions, including thought processes, problem-solving, and decision-making. It is the outermost layer of the brain and is associated with various complex activities such as reasoning, planning, and emotional regulation. The cerebral cortex is divided into different lobes, each responsible for specific functions, such as the frontal lobe, which is particularly important for executive functions and voluntary movement.

The brainstem, while vital for basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate, does not contribute to higher cognitive processes. The cerebellum primarily coordinates movement and balance rather than complex thought. The limbic system plays a significant role in emotions and memory but is not the main area associated with higher reasoning and cognitive functions. Thus, the cerebral cortex is the correct choice when discussing the areas of the brain responsible for advanced thought and action.